定语从句：先行词的应用方法

定语从句：先行词的应用方法。先行词是定语从句的引导词前面的名词,在定语从句中充当一定的成分被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。具体内容如下：

一：定语从句之先行词

1、先行词指人时，引导词可用Who,Whom,及that,其中当引导词在句中作主语时用Who或that;当其充当宾语时用whom或that，在非正式宾语中也可用who，也可省略。 a That boy who/that broke the window is called Tom. b The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li. b 句可改为：The person(that/whom/who)you just talked to is Mr Li.

2、先行词指物时，引导词用that或which a.They planted the trees which didn’t need much water. b .The fish (which)we bought were not fresh.

3、先行词指时间时，引导词用When/on which或in which a.I still remember the day when/on which I first came to Bei jing. b.I'll never forget the year when/ on which we worked on the farm.

4、先行词指地点时，引导词用Where或in which This is the house where/in which we lived last year. 或:This is the house that/which we lived in last year.

5、whose在定语从句中作定语时，可用来指人，也可以用来指物，如: a.This is the boy whose mother died a month ago. b.This is the house whose windows were broken.此句可改成： This is the house the windoues of which were broken.

6、先行词表示原因时，引导词用why,如: The reason why he was late for school was that he had been knocked down by a bike.

二、物殊情况： 尽管有以上基本原则，但要学好定语从句更应注意以下特殊情况;

Ⅰ、当定语从句的先行词为表示人的不定代词，如 anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,noone,nobody,all， these ，those等时,用who而不用that Those who break the rule are pulished. Anybody who had eyes could see the elephant was like a snake.

Ⅱ.以who或which作主语的特殊疑问句中先行词指人，引导词只用That,如: a.Who is the person that is standing at the gate ? b.Which of you that knows something about English doesn’t know this word?

Ⅲ、先行词指物时引导词用that而不用which的情况:

1、先行词有序数词或形容词较高级修饰时， This is the best composition that has been written in English.

2、先行词是all,something,anything,nothing,everything,little,few,much等不定代词时 There is nothing/little/much that we can do for her.

3、先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时 I’ve read all the books that you gave me.

4、先行词被the only/very等修饰时 This is the very/last place that they visited yesterday.

5、有两个以上先行词，分别表示人或物时 They talked about the teachers and the schools that they had visited.

6、先行词为基数时 Yesterday I caught two fish,Now you can see the two that are still alive in a basin of water. Ⅳ.time为先行词时，前边如有序数词修饰时，定语从句引导词用that或什么也不用，如没序数词修饰时，用when或that均可 a.This is the last time(that)I shall give you a lesson.

先行词指人时，引导词可用Who,Whom,及that,其中当引导词在句中作主语时用Who或that;当其充当宾语时用whom或that，在非正式宾语中也可用who，也可省略。

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