14种技巧解尽高考英语完形填空(2)

　　9. 巧用背景常识解题
　　解答完形填空题时，有时文章中提供的信息还不够，还需要把读者头脑中储存的一般知识信息结合起来考虑，最后作出符合常识的最佳答案。因此，考生的知识范围越广，则对文章的理解会更容易，整体上知道所选短文在说什么，那么局部上的每一个空填起来也会得心应手。因此解答完形填空题时，考生的英语语言知识和有关世界的知识，都发挥着重要的作用。当对语言的把握不很准确时，可充分利用自己已掌握的文化背景和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，先找出并理解文章主题和主线，并根据主题猜测细节，注意从重复出现的词语中寻找、体会文章表达的氛围。这样将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺利地沿作者的思路阅读下去。如：
　　After ___2___ the British flag at the Pole, they took a photograph of themselves before they started the 950-mile journey back.
　　2. A. growing B. putting C. planting D. laying
　　【解析】根据常识，南极地区冰雪覆盖，须费好大的劲将旗插进极地，plant在这里的意思是“安插”“插牢”，故答案为plant。
　　Salina Joe began to ___2___ when she was one-year old.
　　2. A. say B. cry C. sing D. talk
　　【解析】根据常识判断，婴儿在一岁的时候应该是开始学说话，而不是学哭或学唱歌，故答案只能在A、D之间选出。又因为say是及物动词，其后面需接宾语，而talk是不及物动词，其后不需要接宾语，故正确答案为D。
　　Every morning she would give him breakfast in bed and bring him the paper to 30
　　A. check B.read C. keep D.sign
　　【解析】外国人早上有读报的习惯，题中的paper指的是报纸，这是理解本文细节的关键，有了这些文化背景知识，可迅速推断出正确答案为B。
　　Owning springs and streams sometimes means control, particularly in the 37 areas like the desert.
　　37. A. dry B. distant C. deserted D. wild
　　【解析】我们知道，沙漠以“干旱”著称，有了这点常识，不难得出本题的答案为A。
　　10. 利用对比结构解题
　　对比结构常把两种对立的事物或同一事物的两个不同方面并列出来加以比较或对比。高考完形填空题常常利用句子之间的对比关系或者同一个句子的不同部分之间的对比关系设计题目。如：
　　A pupil who can do his homework in a quiet and___59___room is in a much better position than a pupil who does his homework in a small, noisy room with the television on.
　　59. A. furnished B. expensive C. comfortable D. suitable
　　【分析】本题利用相似短语之间的对比关系来命题。设空部分与下文的a small, noisy room with the television on存在对比关系。作者想借此说明“相同的作业”对于“不同家庭背景的学生”所表现出的事实上的不公平。答案为C。
　　If he did not know them, he would greet them with a few words about the weather, ___15___ he did, he would ask about their families or make ___16___, always cutting his cloth ___17___ his customers.
　　15. A. and then B. and so C. even if D. but if
　　【解析】本题考查了相似句型的对比关系。空格处要填的部分与前部分if he did not know them形成对比，这句话的大意是说：如果店主认识那些顾客了，就会询问他们的家庭或是开些玩笑。
　　11. 利用平行结构解题
　　平行结构指的是结构相同或相似，意思密切关联，语法一致的句子或词组成串排列的语言现象。这些结构的形式整齐匀称，内容联系紧密。命题者常从平行结构的句式相同或相似这一角度，利用其表现意义的关联或对比这一特点来设空。高考完形填空短文常常会出现这样一些平行结构，掌握这些结构极为相似的句子可大大提高我们的解题效率。如：
　　Many people now think that teachers give pupils too much homework. They say that it is___51___for children to work at home in their free time. ___52___, they argue that most teachers do not___53___ plan the homework tasks they give to pupils.
　　51. A. unnecessary B. uninteresting C. unfortunate D. unimportant
　　52. A. Nevertheless B. However C. Therefore D. Moreover
　　53. A. considerably B. favorably C. properly D. pleasantly
　　【解析】排比结构由Many people think that...They say that...they argue that...所组成。在意义上表现了人们(学生家长)对学生课业负担过重的抱怨。该结构中所设置的三个空格的正确填入，要求考生首先把握结构所体现的“主题” —— 抱怨作业太多。其次，要求考生理解三句之间在表达意义上的递进关系。即：作业过多“too much homework”;所以，课余学生在家做作业是没必要的“unnecessary”;不仅如此，教师对作业的设计也不合适“not properly”。故答案分别为A、D、C。
　　Companies with low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them ___42___ and active.
　　42. A. alive B. vivid C. mobile D. diverse
　　【解析】因空格处与and后面的active是平行的，所以答案为与active意思相近的alive。
　　12. 利用暗示和对应解题
　　完形填空题中虽然也穿插了对语法、短语和词的辨析、句子结构的考查等，但对文章故事情节发展线索的逻辑考查仍是重点。暗示与上下对应的思维方法，是突破此类完形填空最关键的思维方式。考生在做题时要有全局观念，进行连贯性思维，做题时要把每个空白处的含义与前后句的意思联系起来理解，进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。难选之处前后通常多有暗示，这种暗示多为后面暗示前面。如：
　　...he would join student groups to discuss a variety of ___47___: agriculture, diving and mathematics.
　　47. A. questions B. subjects C. matters D. contents
　　【解析】此题后面的冒号部分有提示：agriculture，diving and mathematics是他们谈话讨论的话题，由此可得出本题的答案为B。
　　Everybody moved quickly in order to ___6___ the seats they wanted. I was ___7___ to get a seat near the tail, but…
　　6. A. fetch B. hold C. keep D. get
　　【解析】本题的答案可由后面的get a seat得出。
　　13. 根据文章的感情色彩解题
　　考生在第一遍通读时，应在掌握文章大意，弄清作者思路的基础上，着重寻找反映语境褒贬性的标志性词汇或句子，这些标志性词汇或句子往往对文章的语境褒贬性起着决定性的作用。如：
　　When Ed first phoned and ___37___(suggested) we play, I 1aughed quietly, figuring on an ___38___(easy) victory. After all, Ed’s idea of ___ 39___ (exercise) has always been nothing more ___40___(effort-making) than lifting a fork to his mouth. ___41___(As long as) I can remember, Ed’s been the least physically fit member in the family, and ___42___(strangely) proud of himself. His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trousers.
　　【解析】读这一部分，我们明显看到作者是看不清Ed的，用词有laughed, victory, nothing more than, least fit, strangely, big stomach等。在这样的描述下，人们就会很容易地想到， “我”与Ed比赛，那简直易如反掌(an easy victory)，在“我”眼中他那么差，然而他却以自己为自豪，我们怎么会觉得不奇怪(strangely)呢?因此从对人物反面的描述，我们得出这些答案就不难了。
　　I was so surprised that I was ___47___(speechless). My cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape. ___48___(As a result), at the point in our game when I’d have predicted the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor, it was ___49___(instead) 7 to 9 and Ed was 50 (leading).
　　【解析】surprised 一词道出了情况的转折，我们可以看到这时作者用词的转变。made an effort，get into shape 等这些褒义词的使用对这些空的选择起到了很好的引导作用。speechless, instead 都是由惊讶得出的。
　　The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population. ___1___ homelessness has reached such proportions that local government can’t possibly ___2___. To help homeless people___3___independence, the federal government must support job training programs, ___4___the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing.
　　考生要看懂第一话，为了帮助the homeless，所以选项必须全部支持这个主题，要选择与主题态度相关的词。
　　14. 综合利用各种线索解题
　　完形填空题主要考查短文阅读理解的能力。因此考生必须阅读全文，弄清句子与句子之间的关系，准确理解全文。为了答好题，考生必须从字里行间寻找能够利用的线索。如书写和形态变化线索(graphic and morphological clues)、词汇线索(lexical clues)、句法线索(syntactical clues)、社会文化线索(socio-cultural clues)，并根据有关的线索进行猜测，作出合理的判断。如：
　　And the clerk confirmed that his plane was leaving at nine o’clock three days from that day… Since he was ___44___ in three days, Andy didn’t lose anytime.
　　44. A. moving B. returning C. staying D. leaving
　　【解析】单从这句来看，考生实难判断出正确答案，但如果结合前文，就可以找到设空部分的解题线索——上文中出现的词汇leaving。故本题答案为D。
　　有时题目的答案在短文中就有出现，如能找出线索，解题就易如反掌。如：
　　Many experts believe parents should gently look over the work of younger children and ask them to rethink their 12 . 13875974090
　　A. exercises B. defects C. mistakes D. tests
　　【解析】许多专家认为家长应简单地看看孩子的作业，并让他们自己重新思考自己做的练习。能与句中work照应的只有选项A。
　　(摘自《高考考高分一定有方法·英语》湖南湘教出版社)